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網際網路介接技術課程綱要 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Internet History and Definition Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge and L 2 Switch etc. devices MAC Address Ethernet Basic High Speed Ethernet Token-Ring VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

電腦網路的定義 ‣ 何謂電腦網路 ? – 電腦科技 與 通信技術相結合 – is a collection of media, devices and protocols used to facilitate the exchange of information between computing devices in a transparent manner to the end user. ‣ 為什麼需要電腦網路? – 資源共享、提高可靠度、負載分擔、分散式處理提高效率、擴充 容易、網路通信、電子商務。 ‣ 電腦網路的組成元件： – 網路媒介 (network media) – 網路設備 (network device) – 網路協定 (network protocol)

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge and L 2 Switch etc. devices MAC Address Ethernet Basic High Speed Ethernet Token-Ring VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

What is P 2 P network ? ‣ ‣ ‣ Is a file sharing network used primarily to exchange music, films and software. Like most file sharing networks. Files are not stored on a central server but are exchanged directly between users based on the peer to peer principle. a way of structuring distributed applications such that the individual nodes have symmetric roles. Rather than being divided into clients and servers each with quite distinct roles, in P 2 P applications a node may act as both a client and a server. ” P 2 P Models : – Centralized – Decentralized and unstructured – Decentralized but structured

Client-server Model Weak ? Why P 2 P ? • Bottleneck of Server Ø The server and the network become the bottlenecks and points of failure. • Powerful PC • Flexible, efficient information sharing • P 2 P changes the way of Web (Internet) Clients and servers each with distinct roles Clients U 11 U 12 Request Service Server S U 13 U 21 U 22 U 31 U 32

Peer Selection Issues In an open P 2 P, it happens often that Server Selection a requesting peer (client) needs to decide which servers it should request service from A B I have X A I have X D C I want X Client Selection a supplying peer (server) needs to decide which clients it should grant requests first I want P&Q B I want ZD I want Y C I want X S so many requests

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model / DOD Reference Model Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge and L 2 Switch etc. devices MAC Address Ethernet Basic High Speed Ethernet Token-Ring VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

DOD Reference Model vs. OSI Model TCP/IP四層模型 程序/應用層 (Process/Application Layer) 主機對主機層(Host-to-Host Layer) 網際網路層(Internet Layer) 網路存取層 (Network Access Layer)

‣ Error Detection – [parity code 檢查是最簡單的, 但只能偵測 1個位元的錯誤] [CRC, 循環宂餘檢查 , 可以偵測超過2個以上字元的錯誤] 。 ‣ Error Correction – Hamming Codes(只能更正 1個位元的傳輸錯誤) ‣ Error Handling –Acknowledge (可靠性傳送) –Retransmission –Timeout –Sequence number

Application Layer q 應 用 層 是 OSI 中 最 接 近 使 用 者 的 一 層 ， 它 提 供 網 路 服務給應用程式。 q 常見的第七層應用包括：(MSN/ICQ/Netmeeting, Voice over IP (Vo. IP) , Video Conference, Video on Demand(VOD), Streaming Server , Web/WAP/i-Mode, Microsoft Outlook, E-learning 。)

OSI 7 -Layer Summary OSI網路七層模式涵蓋了通訊協定的各種功能，包括： • Compression/Decompression • • • • Encryption/Decryption Connection Establishing / Terminating Segmentation/Reassembly Flow Control Error Control Addressing/Routing Sequencing Encapsulation / Decapsulation Encoding/Decoding Multiplexing Synchronization Positive Acknowledgement and Retransmission (PAR) Windowing

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model / DOD Reference Model (TCP/IP) Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge, L 2 Switch, Router and L 3 Switch etc. devices MAC Address Ethernet Basic Token-Ring High Speed Ethernet VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

網路傳輸介質 Media Wireline Transmission Electric Conductors Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable 導引式 傳輸媒體 Wireless Transmission 非導引式 傳輸媒體 Optical Fiber Monomode Multimode Radio wave Infrared Microwave Laser Links Satellite Transmission

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model / DOD Reference Model (TCP/IP) Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge, L 2 Switch, Router and L 3 Switch etc. devices MAC Address Ethernet Basic Token-Ring High Speed Ethernet VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model / DOD Reference Model (TCP/IP) Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge, L 2 Switch, Router and L 3 Switch etc. devices MAC Address Ethernet Basic Token-Ring High Speed Ethernet VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

‣ ‣ Switch, bridge – Can divide several Collision Domain Router, L 3 Switch – Can divide several Broadcast Domain ‣ Router, L 3 switch ‣ NIC, bridge, L 2 switch ‣ HUB, repeater

802. 1 D Spanning Tree Protocol Normal Operation Loop, but Spanning Tree Protocol Deactivates One Link Switch 2 Activated Switch 1 Activated Deactivated C 3 -2 D-55 -3 B-A 9 -4 F B 2 -CD-13 -5 B-E 4 -65 A 1 -44 -D 5 -1 F-AA-4 C Switch 3 D 4 -47 -55 -C 4 -B 6 -9 F E 5 -BB-47 -21 -D 3 -56

802. 1 D Spanning Tree Protocol Switch 2 Fails Deactivated Switch 2 Deactivated Reactivated Switch 1 C 3 -2 D-55 -3 B-A 9 -4 F B 2 -CD-13 -5 B-E 4 -65 A 1 -44 -D 5 -1 F-AA-4 C Switch 3 D 4 -47 -55 -C 4 -B 6 -9 F E 5 -BB-47 -21 -D 3 -56

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge , L 2 Switch, Router and L 3 Switch Data Link Layer (LLC + MAC) Ethernet Basic Token-Ring High Speed Ethernet VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

‣ Ethernet (乙太網路) ‣ Ethernet Channel ‣ Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) ‣ Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps) ‣ 1000 Base-T (IEEE 802. 3 ab 標準) – UTP cat. 5 (100 m) ‣ 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10000 Mbps) – IEEE 802. 3 – 增加頻寛, 負載均衡, 線路備份 – 但是, 可能造成迴圈 – IEEE 802. 3 U 標準 – IEEE 802. 3 Z 標準 – 使用載波延伸與訊框爆發技術, 提升傳輸 效率 – 1000 Baes-LX(long wave; 5 km), • 可在單模及多模光纖上跑 – 1000 Base-SX(short wave; 550 m) • 可在多模光纖上跑 – 1000 Base-CX(STP, 25 m) – IEEE 802. 3 ae 標準 – 只採用光纖, 只支援全雙

IEEE 802標準如下表 802. 1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group 802. 2 Logical Link Control Working Group (Inactive) 802. 3 Ethernet Working Group 802. 4 Token Bus Working Group (Inactive) 802. 5 Token Ring Working Group 802. 6 Metropolitan Area Network Working Group (Inactive) 802. 7 Broadband TAG (Inactive) 802. 8 Fiber Optic TAG 802. 9 Isochronous LAN Working Group 802. 10 Security Working Group 802. 11 Wireless LAN Working Group 802. 12 Demand Priority Working Group 802. 13 Not Used 802. 14 Cable Modem Working Group (Archive information is currently being moved, not available) 802. 15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group 802. 16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group 802. 17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group 有關IEEE 802標準的詳細描述，請參閱 http: //grouper. ieee. org/groups/802/dots. html

‣ Token Ring (IEEE 802. 5) – 實體拓撲 : 星狀 – 邏輯拓撲 : 環狀 (Token Passing) Note: - 新式Token-ring 速度可達 100 Mbps - 結點間採用 MAU (Multistation Access Unit ) 連接 - Token 長 24 bits (3個位元組) - SD (Start Delimiter) 8 bits - AC (Access Control) 8 bits - ED (End Delimiter) 8 bits

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge , L 2 Switch, Router and L 3 Switch Data Link Layer (LLC + MAC) Ethernet Basic Token-Ring High Speed Ethernet VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

‣ 使用Trunk技術，可以連結多個VLAN跨過多個Switch。 VLAN的優點 • �� Segmentation • �� Security • �� Flexibility

Which VTP mode will you use to add VLANs to a Switch? (choose 2) Ans: A, C A. Server B. Client C. Transparent D. Translation E. Trunking

‣ Which followings are the benefits for you to VLANs? (choose 3) Ans: A, B, D A. Create a device by logically, not physically B. Reduce the loading of a administrator C. Reduce the number of collision domain D. Reduce the broadcast range ‣ Which followings do VTP modes have? (choose 3) Ans: A, B , C A. Server B. Client E. Trunking ‣ C. Transparent D. Translation Which two of the following VTP modes synchronize VLAN configuration? Ans: A, B A. Server B. Client C. Transparent D. Translation E. Trunking ‣ Which two of the following VTP modes can you use to create, modify, and delete a VLAN? Ans: A, C A. Server B. Client C. Transparent D. Translation E. Trunking

LAN Course outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. (課程編號 ILN) Internet History and Definition Introduction to Network Communication Technology Client/Server Structure OSI Reference Model Transmission Media Network Topologies NIC, HUB, Bridge and L 2 Switch Data Link Layer (LLC + MAC) Ethernet Basic Token-Ring VLAN Technology Wireless LAN Technology Tread

ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical)頻段 Ø IEEE 802. 11規範的無線網路實體層技術, 包括 – 直接序列展頻(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum，DSSS) – 跳頻展頻(Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum，FHSS) – 紅外線(Infrared)技術 Ø 其中直接序列展頻以及跳頻展頻都是使用 2. 4 GHz的ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) Band 的頻段 Ø ISM Band, 原本是規劃給 業科學及醫療領域使用之免申請頻段, 包含了三個頻 帶: 902 -928 MHz、 2. 4000 -2. 4835 GHz 、5. 725 -5. 850 GHz ISM Band

‣ IEEE 802. 11 b – 由於IEEE 802. 11對於跨區域傳輸及不同調變方式間之介面轉換並無訂 定相關協定，且 2 Mbps的傳輸速率不足以因應語音、影像之傳輸需求 – 傳輸速率為 11 Mbps，能�與利用 PSK (Phase Shift Keying)調變、傳輸速 率為 1 Mbps或 2 Mbps之�品相容 – 為統合無線網路�品 , 3 Com、Aironet、Intersil、Lucent、Nokia及 Symbol Technologies等六家廠商於 1999年成立無線網路聯盟 (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance；WECA) – 以Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)作為符合IEEE 802. 11 b標準之�品標示 ‣ Wi-Fi – Wireless Fidelity – Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2. 4 GHz Band ； – 中距離的無線網路標準

Wi. MAX ‣ 英特爾（Intel）主導 ‣ 以IEEE 802. 16為基礎，期望成為 WMAN（無線都會網路）的主流規格 802. 16 ‣ Wi. MAX的傳距遠（最大至 30英哩，約48公里），傳速高（每個Wi. MAX基地台 最快 134 Mbps），每個末端連網裝置可獲得 300 Kbps～ 2 Mbps的連網頻寬 ‣ Wi. MAX – Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access – Wi. MAX forum(一個由許多通訊器材製作公司組成的聯盟) (類似Wi-Fi alliance的組織) • http: //www. wimaxforum. org/home – IEEE 802. 16 • fixed WMAN (802. 16 /a/b/c/d ) • mobile WMAN (802. 16 e)