1 100 AD 100 325 AD 325 800

1 -100 AD 100 -325 AD 325 -800 AD 800 -1300 AD Apostolic Post Apostolic / Ante-Nicene Union with Roman Empire Medieval Christianity Early Christianity

Who was the last apostle to die and when?

Judas Iscariot 31 AD Hung himself James, Son of Zebedee 44 -45 AD Beheaded by Herod Agrippa I Philip 54 AD Crucified Matthew 60 -70 AD Beheaded in Ethiopia James, Son of Alpheus 63 AD Stoned / Clubbed Peter 64 -68 AD Inverted crucifixion Paul 67 AD Beheaded Andrew 70 AD Crucified Bartholomew 70 AD Flayed / Crucified Thomas 70 AD Speared Matthias 70 AD Stoned /Crucified Jude 72 AD Beaten with sticks Simon 74 AD Crucified

Great Fire of Rome 64 AD

Persecution of Persecutions Christians

ΙΧΘΥΣ Ιησους Χριστóς Θεοῦ Υἱός Σωτήρ Iesous Xristos Theou Yios Sotare Jesus Christ, God’s Son, Saviour ἰχθύς ichthys fish

Great Persecution 303 -311 AD

What does BC and AD mean? BC AD Before Christ Anno Domini In the year of the Lord

Constantine the Great

Early Church • Emergence of leadership structure – Episkopos, presbyters, deacons • Heresies and apologists – Gnostics, Ebionites, Nazarenes • Iconography • Monasticism – Desert hermit-monks The Good Shepherd 3 rd century

Gnosticism

Ambrose Jerome Augustine Gregory the Great Western Church Eastern Church Basil Athanasius Gregory of Nazianzus John Chrysostom

Apostles’ Creed I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; he descended to the dead. On the third day he rose again; he ascended into heaven, he is seated at the right hand of the Father, and he will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.

Nicene Creed We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father; by whom all things were made; who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man; he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried, and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father; from thence he shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end. And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. In one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.

First Seven Ecumenical Councils Nicene Creed Date of Easter Mary is Mother of God Jesus has two wills 325 AD Nicaea (1 st) 431 AD Ephesus 680 AD Constantinople (3 rd) 451 AD Chalcedon 787 AD Nicaea (2 nd) Jesus has 381 AD two natures Venerated holy images Constantinople (1 st) Add Holy Spirit to Nicene Creed 553 AD Constantinople (2 nd) Address heresies

Nicene Creed HERETICS Punching them won’t stop people believing their lies, but it feels so good

Ambrose Jerome Augustine Gregory the Great Western Church Eastern Church Basil Athanasius Gregory of Nazianzus John Chrysostom

St Augustine of Hippo • • • Salvation through grace Original sin Baptisms are conferred by Christ (not priest) Baptism necessary for salvation Children are tainted by original sin and thus baptism is allowable, and necessary • Damnation of unbaptised infants • Predestination • Just war theory

Ambrose Jerome Augustine Gregory the Great Western Church Eastern Church Basil Athanasius Gregory of Nazianzus John Chrysostom

Denominations Catholic Church of the Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodox Protestant Restorationism

Denominations Catholic 1. 2 billion Protestant 600 -800 million Eastern Orthodox 280 million Oriental Orthodox 82 million Restorationism 49 million Church of the East 0. 6 million

Great Schism • Disputes with: – Filioque in Nicene Creed • Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father (and the Son) – Papal supremacy – Original sin – Immaculate conception – Purgatory • Excommunications withdrawn in 1995

Oriental Orthodox Ethiopian Orthodox 48 million Coptic Orthodox 15. 5 million Armenian Apostolic 9. 5 million Ertrean Orthodox 2. 5 million Malankara Orthodox 2 million Syriac Orthodox 1 million Jacobite Syrian Christian 1. 2 million

Eastern Orthodox Russian 125 million Romanian 23 million Greek 18. 6 million Ukrainian 13. 7 million Serbian 11. 5 million Bulgarian 10 million Georgian 5 million

Protestantism Pentecostal 130 million Baptist 100 million Anglican 85 million Nondenominational 80 million Lutheran 75 million Methodist 75 million Reformed 75 million African 40 million Seventh-day Adventist 17 million

Restorationism Latter Day Saints 15. 1 million Iglesia ni Cristo 10 million New Apostolic Church 10 million Jehovah’s Witnesses 7. 7 million Church of Christ, Scientist 0. 4 million Friends of Man 0. 07 million Christadelphians 0. 06 million

St. Thomas Christians 35 k 1. 1 M 50 k 1. 2 M 2 M 0. 5 M 3. 8 M

Ambrose Jerome Augustine Gregory the Great Western Church Eastern Church Basil Athanasius Gregory of Nazianzus John Chrysostom

St. Thomas Christians 35 k 1. 1 M 50 k 1. 2 M 2 M 0. 5 M 3. 8 M