1 1 Essentials of Organizational Behavior 11e Global

After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 1 -2 1. Define organizational behavior (OB). 2. Explain the value to OB of systematic study. 3. 4. 5. 6. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Identify the three levels of analysis in OB. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

The Field of Organizational Behavior 1 -3 Organizational Behavior studies the influence that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations. Its chief goal is to apply that knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Focal Points of OB 1 -4 Jobs Work Absenteeism Employment turnover Productivity Human performance

Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 1 -5 Intuition: your “gut feeling” explanation of behavior. Systematic study improves ability to accurately predict behavior. Assumes behavior is not random. Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior. These can be identified and modified to reflect individual differences. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Systematic Study 1 -6 Examines relationships. Attempts to attribute causes and effects. Bases conclusions on scientific evidence: On data gathered under controlled conditions. Data is measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Evidence-Based Management 1 -7 Complements systematic study. Bases decisions on the best available scientific evidence. Forces managers to become more scientific in their thinking. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

1 -8 Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field Micro: The Individual Macro: Groups &

Few Absolutes in OB 1 -9 Impossible to make simple and accurate generalizatio ns Human beings are complex and diverse OB concepts must reflect situational conditions: contingency Contingen cy Variable (Z) In American Culture In Iranian or Australian Cultures Independent Variable (X) Dependent Variable (Y) Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign Understood as Complimenti ng Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign Understood as Insulting “Up Yours!” Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

1 -10 Challenges and Opportunities for OB Responding to Economic Pressures Responding to Globalization Managing Workplace Diversity Improving Customer Service Improving People Skills Stimulating Innovation and Change Coping with “Temporariness” Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees with Work-Life Conflicts Improving Ethical Behavior Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

1 -11 Responding to Economic Pressures Effective management is especially important during tough economic times. Employees look to their managers to provide security during the instability of a recession. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Responding to Globalization 1 -12 Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Differing needs and aspirations in workforce Domestic motivational techniques and managerial styles may not work Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Managing Workforce Diversity 1 -13 Workforce diversity: organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Diversity Implications 1 -14 “Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity while, at the same time, not discriminating. ” Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Improving Customer Service & People Skills 1 -15 The majority of employees in developed nations work in service jobs and they must know how to please their customers. People skills are essential to succeed in today’s organizations. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Stimulating Innovation and Change 1 -16 Flexibility Quality Improvement Staying Competitive Copyright © 2012

Temporariness 1 -17 Jobs are constantly changing Skills need to be updated for workers to stay on target Workers need to be able to deal with change Employees need to be able to cope with flexibility, spontaneity and unpredictability Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

1 -18 Working in Networked Organizations Managers must adapt their skills and communication styles

Helping Employees handle work-life conflict 1 -19 The line between work and non work has blurred and managers are increasingly dealing with conflicts that arise between work and life away from work. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Thinking Positive 1 -20 Creating a positive work environment can be a competitive advantage Positive Organizational Scholarship (Positive OB): Examines how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Focus is on employee strengths, not their weaknesses. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Improving Ethical Behavior 1 -21 Ethical dilemmas and ethical choices Unethical practices – take bribes… Code of ethics Seminars, workshops and training programs Fair treatment of employees Ethically healthy climate Promote a strong ethical mission Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Three Levels of OB Analysis 1 -22 Chapters 14 - 16 Chapters 8 -

Implications for Managers 1 -23 OB helps with: Insights to improve people skills Valuing of workforce diversity Empowering people and creating a positive work environment Dealing with change in the workplace Coping in a world of temporariness Creating an ethically healthy work environment Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Keep in Mind… 1 -24 OB’s goal is to understand predict human behavior in organizations. Fundamental consistencies underlie behavior. It is more important than ever to learn OB concepts. Both managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Summary 1 -25 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Defined Organizational Behavior (OB). Show the value to OB of systematic study. Identified the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrated how few absolutes apply in OB. Identified the major challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Identified the three levels of analysis in OB. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

1 -26 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education