03 Rural Areas What is a rural area

03 - Rural Areas What is a rural area?

Rural Areas & Sustainable Development Cross-cutting issues: Your Country, other countries… “Profit” Financial Capital Eco-Efficient Equitable Sustainable “People” Human & Social Capital Liveable “Planet” Natural Capital Green Economy Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015 2

1 Outline 1. What’s a Rural Area? 2. The Conjecture Results from Previous Survey Policy and Awareness Raising - AHZein 3. 4. 3 Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

1 What is a Rural Area? l Farming? – General idea came into use in the 1920’s – Economic Dependency? l – 4 Persistence through Boom & Bust Cycle Remoteness? Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

1 Rural: Dependency l 5 % of total labor and proprietor income – Farming-dependent > 35% – Mining-dependent > 25 % – Manufacturing-dependent > 35 % – Government-dependent > 25 % – Services-dependent > 50%income. REF: United States Bureau of Economic Research and rests on the concept of local economic function [E. R. S. County Typology, 1995]. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

1 Rural: Remoteness l Either of 3 aspects; – Infrastructural: l – Geographic: l l – Population density Distance from anchor points such as major population centers Resource/Energy: l l 6 Access to central infrastructure Energy services were neither affordable nor cost-effective; Lack of resources to sustain significant economic growth. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

1 7 Rural: OECD Definition Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

1 8 Choosing Among Definitions l What are the policy-relevant characteristics of rural people, places, and providers? l Should the selected rural definition be narrowly targeted or widely inclusive? – Targeted/Narrowly-defined: l Direct resources to specific populations l But can rule out places that should be covered. – Broad definitions l Include areas/sectors with less need l How will the policy deal with changes in areas designated as rural? l Are data available to support the definition? Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 Outline 1. What’s a Rural Area? 2. The Conjecture – – 3. 4. 9 Our Conjecture Methodology Results from Previous Survey Policy and Awareness Raising - AHZein Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 Conjecture By adopting Appropriate Green Technologies to enhance productivity of the income generating activities in the rural productive sectors, the technologies will be in tune with market forces and rural communities will play an active role in contributing to the financing of these technologies. 10 Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 Methodology l Existence of “Value Chains”; l Energy perspective: Current production processes; l Implemented: – 11 Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 Methodology: Process Tools & Skills In pu ts Production Technique s t u p ut O s t u I Production Technique te s t u p n as W p n I Tools & Skills Production Process 12 Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 13 Methodology: Process Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 14 Methodology Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

2 From processes… Production & consumption: Flows Upstream Downstream 15 Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

3 Outline 2. What’s a Rural Area? The Conjecture 3. Results from Previous Survey 1. – – – 4. 16 Energy production Energy Savings Process Management Waste Management New Technologies Policy and Awareness Raising - AHZein Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

3 Survey: Analysis Energy production; l – Local: l – Community-Wide: l l – – 17 Solar Power: Heat; Electrity (PV) Wind Biogas: Rural Energy Services Company (RESCO) Energy Savings; Process Management; Waste Management; New Technologies. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

3 Survey: Analysis l Energy production; l Energy Savings; – – l l l 18 Energy-Efficient Tools & Design; Adapted designs for Refrigeration, Cooling, Heating Process Management; Waste Management; New Technologies. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

3 Survey: Analysis l Energy production; Energy Savings; l Process Management; l – – – l l 19 Stock Management; Process re-engineering; Alternative products & Markets. Waste Management; New Technologies. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

3 Survey: Analysis l Energy production; Energy Savings; Process Management; l Waste Management; l l – Mitigation: l – Decrease: l l 20 “second-generation” Biodiesel or Biogas – if Large-scale: RESCO Process Management & Standardization New Technologies. Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

3 Survey: Analysis l Energy production; Energy Savings; Process Management; Waste Management; l New Technologies. l l l – Seek: l l 21 Last Mover Advantage Disruptive Tech Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015

4 Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 22 What’s a Rural Area? The Conjecture Results from Previous Survey – Energy production – Energy Savings – Process Management – Waste Management – New Technologies Policy Goals & Awareness Raising - AHZein

For your attention l Energy: Sources and Quality l Beyond Petroleum? l Implications. . . 47 questions ? …comments … Session 3 - Rural Areas & Remoteness May 17, 2015