02 07 17 Macromolecule Analysis Biurets reagent reacts

02. 07. 17 Macromolecule Analysis Biuret’s reagent reacts to peptide bonds. For what macromolecule can this chemical be used as an indicator? I can test for the presence of different organic groups.

Today -- Mc. Mush! • Blended components – Cheese burger, fries, apples, milk. • Used as our known positive. • Known negative -- ?

Biuret Test • Tests for protein • Solution turns purple when Na. OH and Cu. SO 4 are added to the substance tested.

How does the Biuret test Work? The Biuret reagent bonds to the peptide bond in a protein and turns purple/violet (very simplistic explanation…)

Iodine test for Starch/polysaccharide

Benedict’s test for Monosaccharide If it turns orange, red, or brown, it has monosaccharide.

Bennedict’s test for monosaccharide The more Monosaccharides, the darker the red… Blue green (No monosaccharide) orange red brown (The most)

02. 08. 17 Macromolecule Analysis Iodine is an indicator for polysaccharides. How does it work? I can test for the presence of different organic groups in an unknown sample.

Today – Unknowns! • Compare to known results & other possibilities – Logic it out! • Post lab analysis – due Friday • Exit ticket application

Exit ticket A vanilla latte was tested for the four macromolecules. 1. Predict the results 2. What would change if the beverage tested was a non-flavored latte?

02. 09. 17 Brainstorm! What do you remember about enzymes? • Today – enzyme clip – Review mc macro questions – Enzyme practice question(s)

Water Learning Targets 2. 2. U 1 2. 2. U 2 2. 2. U 3 2. 2. A 1 2. 2. A 2 2. 2. A 3 Statement Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them. Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water. Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Comparison of thermal properties of water with those of methane. Use of water as a coolant in sweat. Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen and sodium chloride in blood in relation to their solubility in water.

2. 3. U 1 2. 3. U 2 2. 3. U 3 2. 3. U 4 2. 3. A 1 2. 3. A 2 2. 3. A 3 2. 3. A 4 2. 3. S 1 2. 3. S 2 Statement Monosaccharide monomers are linked together by condensation reactions to form disaccharides and polysaccharide polymers. Fatty acids can be saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. Unsaturated fatty acids can be cis or trans isomers. Triglycerides are formed by condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol. Structure and function of cellulose and starch in plants and glycogen in humans. Scientific evidence for health risks of trans fats and saturated fatty acids. Lipids are more suitable for long-term energy storage in humans than carbohydrates. Evaluation of evidence and the methods used to obtain the evidence for health claims made about lipids. Use of molecular visualization software to compare cellulose, starch and glycogen. Determination of body mass index by calculation or use of a nomogram.

2. 4. U 1 2. 4. U 2 2. 4. U 3 2. 4. U 4 2. 4. U 5 2. 4. U 6 2. 4. U 7 2. 4. U 8 2. 4. A 1 2. 4. A 2 2. 4. S 1 Statement Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides. There are 20 different amino acids in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes. Amino acids can be linked together in any sequence giving a huge range of possible polypeptides. The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is coded for by genes. A protein may consist of a single polypeptide or more than one polypeptide linked together. The amino acid sequence determines the three-dimensional conformation of a protein. Living organisms synthesize many different proteins with a wide range of functions. Every individual has a unique proteome. Rubisco, insulin, immunoglobulins, rhodopsin, collagen and spider silk as examples of the range of protein functions. Denaturation of proteins by heat or by deviation of p. H from the optimum. Drawing molecular diagrams to show the formation of a peptide bond.

2. 5. U 1 2. 5. U 2 2. 5. U 3 2. 5. U 4 2. 5. U 5 2. 5. A 1 Statement Enzymes have an active site to which specific substrates bind. Enzyme catalysis involves molecular motion and the collision of substrates with the active site. Temperature, p. H and substrate concentration affect the rate of activity of enzymes. Enzymes can be denatured. Immobilized enzymes are widely used in industry. Methods of production of lactose-free milk and its advantages. 2. 5. S 1 Design of experiments to test the effect of temperature, p. H and substrate concentration on the activity of enzymes. 2. 5. S 2 Experimental investigation of a factor affecting enzyme activity. (Practical 3)